AWA最后的总结(DIY).docVIP

AWA总结 第一部分：Argument 开头结尾： （开头段）The conclusion endorsed in this argument is that... Several reasons are offered in support of this argument. First of all, the author points out that...In addition, the author reasons that... However, these alone do not constitute a logical entirety in favor of his conclusion and fail to provide convincing support making this argument sound and invulnerable. A careful examination would review how groundless this conclusion is, (结尾段) To conclude, this argument is not persuasive as it stands. Accordingly, it is imprudent for the author to claim that... To make the argument logically acceptable, the author would have to show that...In addition, to solidify the conclusion, the author should provide concrete evidence as well to demonstrate that... Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal. 正文部分8大逻辑错误 因果关系逻辑错误（cause and effect fallaciys）。 攻击无因果关系 The author fails to establish the causal relationship between the fact that...and the claim that... This argument is unacceptable unless there is compelling evidence to support the connection between these two events. The arguer fails to establish the causal relationship between A and B. It is highly possible that other factors contribute to B. For instance, B might have resulted from C. It is also likely that D caused B. Lacking evidence that links A to B, it is presumptuous to suggest that A was responsible for B. 攻击时序性因果错误 Based on the fact that A occurs after B, B should be responsible for A.（说明错误位置） However, the sequence of these events, in itself, does not ensure to prove that the earlier development does not cause the later one. It might be caused by other facts instead of A. Without ruling out ... The editor cannot establish a cause-and -effect relationship between A and B upon which the editors arguments depends. The author is engaged in ‘after this, therefore, because of this’ reasoning. The line of reasoning is that because A happene