8-Heat-Lectureppt：8-heat-lectureppt.pptVIP

Heat: Calculating Calories, Conservation of Matter and Equilibrium Investigation 5 “Energy Transfer” Chemical Interactions Grade 8 Calorie Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (*C). Heat is not measured in degrees Celsius. Heat is measured in calories (cal). The calorie is the unit of heat in the metric system. Calculating Heat The amount of heat needed to change the temperature if a mass of water is measured in calories. Calorie Equation The equation for calculating the amount of heat needed to heat up or cool down a mass of water is… cal = m x T Calorie Equation Continued The number of calories needed to change the temperature of a mass of water is equal to the mass of water (in grams) times the temperature change (in degrees Celsius). Water: 1mL = 1 g = 1*Celsius Conservation of Energy The amount of energy in a system is always the same - no energy is ever created, and no energy is destroyed. Energy Transfer Energy can transfer from one place to another. Energy can be transformed from one kind of energy into another kind of energy. i.e. Mixing hot and cold water = warm water Equilibrium Every time a particle with high kinetic energy from the hot water hit a particle with low kinetic energy from the cold water, the kinetic energy of both particles changed: The hot water particle slowed down and the cold water particle sped up. Final average speed The final average speed of the particles was faster than the particles in the the original cold water, and slower than the original hot water. Equilibrium Energy transfer continues as particles continue to bang into one another. But the number of particles graining energy will be the same as the number of particles loosing energy. The temperature will hold steady. Equilibrium When a system is in balance, and there is no net energy transfer going on, the system is in equilibrium. When mixing hot and cold water, the final temperature was its equilibrium temperature. Energy Transfer Voca