浅谈西方自然科学观.docVIP

浅谈西方自然科学观自然科学观是对自然科学的性质、理论结构、方法、基本概念、成长条件、发展规律、社会历史作用以及科学与其他社会意识形式的关系等问题进行的哲学思考。辩证唯物主义是指导自然科学发展的唯一正确的世界观和方法论。西方自然科学观构成了当代的科学哲学主要包括逻辑实证主义、操作主义、逻辑实用主义和批判理性主义等，更多地关注和比较系统地探讨了自然科学问题，但只局限于知识的范围内。中西方在自然科学观上有着渊源的历史差异。不同于东方的“天人合一”观点的自然科学观，西方主要是主客二分学说认为人类依靠科学和理性, 在征服自然、改造自然方面有无限的能力让人们从屈服于神转而面向自然、认识自然和利用自然，从愚昧和迷信中解放出来，获得巨大力量，从而推动社会进步。同时随着自然科学的发展，人类逐渐意识到只有人与自然和谐发展，才能取得双方的互赢Abstract：Natural science is the nature of natural science, the structure of the theory, methods, basic concepts, growth conditions, the law of development, social and historical role and the relationship between science and other forms of social consciousness and other issues of philosophical thinking. The dialectical materialism is the only correct guidance in the development of natural science world outlook and methodology. Natural science constitute the contemporary western philosophy of science, mainly including logical positivism, logic operation, pragmatism and critical rationalism, pay more attention to and systematically discusses the issues of natural science, but only limited to the scope of knowledge. China and the west has a history of origin differences in natural science. Different east of nature and humanity view of natural science, mainly western subject-object dichotomy theory, think humans rely on scientific and rational, in conquering nature, has unlimited ability to transform nature. Let people from yield to god turned to nature, the nature and use of natural, free from ignorance and superstition, a huge power, so as to promote social progress. At the same time, with the development of natural science, human gradually realized that only the harmonious development of man and nature, can obtain win-win on both sides. Key words: natural science, the west, the use of natural, harmonious development. 自然科学观是对自然科学的性质、理论结构、方法、基本概念、成长条件、发展规律、社会历史作用以及科学与其他社会意识形式（特别是哲学）的关系等问题所进行的哲学思考。不同的哲学派别对这些问题有不同的回答。而自然科学是研究自然界的物质形态、结构、性质和运动规律的科学。包括数学、物理学、化学、天文学、生物学等基础科学，以及材料科学、能源科学、农业科学、医学科学等应用技术科学。主要研究运动着的物质、物