长江三峡花岗岩林地坡面降雨渗流及水土流失关系研究.pdf

J ou rna l of E ng ineering Geology 　　工程地质学报 　　1004 - 9665 /2006 / 14 ( 03) 036505　 长江三峡花岗岩林地坡面降雨渗流与水土流失关系研 究 祁生林 　张洪江 何 凡 程金花 (北京林业大学水土保持学院　北京 　100083 ) 摘 　要 　在大量的野外观测试验的基础上 ,根据土壤水分的形态和能态 ,对长江三峡花岗岩林地坡面降雨渗流机制进行了分 析研究 ,研究发现在试验区当降雨强度大于表层土壤入渗率 , 即地表产生积水的情况下 ,长江三峡花岗岩林地坡面优先流在 土壤含水量未达到最大毛管持水量时开始产流 ,早于土壤渗流产流的时间;在降雨强度小于表层土壤入渗率 , 即地表不产生 积水的情况下 ,土壤渗流产流早于优先流产流 ;从壤中流产流过程来看 ,在地表不产生积水的条件下 ,土壤渗流先于优先流产 生 ;在地表产生积水而土壤水分含量未达到最大毛管持水量的条件下 ,优先流先于土壤渗流产生 。在两种情况下 ,优先流的 峰值都先于土壤渗流 。 关键词 　长江三峡 壤中流 产流机制 优先流 中图分类号 : S152. 7 + 1　　文献标识码 : A F IELD EXPER IM ENTS A ND F IND INGS O N THE RELA T IO NSH IP O F IN F IL TRA T IO N AND RUNO FF W ITH RA INFALL O N FO REST GRA N IT IC SLO PE A T THREE GO RGES O F YA NGTZE R IVER Q I Shenglin ZHAN G Hongj iang HE Fan CH EN G J inhua ( Colleg e of S oil and W a ter Conserva tion, B eij ing F ores try Un ivers ity, B eij ing　100083) A b stract　B a sed on the m ea su red data in the field and according to the form and energy of so il water, the m echa n ism of the rainfall infiltration in the su rface of the gran ite fore stland of Th ree Gorge s area wa s studied. The re su lts showed that when the rainfall in ten sity wa s larger than so il infiltration rate and so il water did not reach the large st cap illary water vo lum e, p referen tial flow app eared. It app eared earlier than infiltrated so il water flow. W hen the rainfall in ten sity wa s sm aller than so il infiltration rate, and there wa s no water accum u lated in the su rface, infiltra ted so il water flow app eared earlier than p referen tial flow. From the flow p roce ss of infiltrated so il water, it can be seen that the infiltrated so il water flow app eared earlier than the p referen tial flow when there wa s no water accum u lated in the su rface, and that the p referen tial flow app