(内科学课件）16.2PrimaryBronchogenicCarcinoma.ppt

Imaging and other tests Positron emission tomography PET scan 正电子发射计算机体层显像 Cancer cell has higher metabolic rate and take in more glucose than normal cell. When Fluorine-18 lablied deoxyglucose 18-氟脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）is injected into body, a higher concentration of FDG in cancer tissues will be detected by PET scan. FDG-PET can be used for diagnosis (primary and metastatic lesions), staging, and monitoring treatment of cancers. Imaging and other tests Sputum cytology The most risk-free and inexpensive method to establish the diagnosis, , but its value is limited. More than 3 serial samples can increas the positive yield to 80% in central type and 50% in peripheral one. Imaging and other tests Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检 visualization of the major airways through a thin, flexible probe inserted through the nose or mouth, cytology brushing, washing, lavage direct biopsy or transbronchial lung biopsy. Imaging and other tests Needle aspiration cytology Needle aspiration of superficial lymph node 浅表淋巴结针吸细胞学 Transbronchoscope needle aspiration 经纤气管镜针吸细胞学 Percutaneous needle aspiration 经皮针吸细胞学 Imaging and other tests Mediastinoscopy 纵隔镜检查 Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查 Other cytology 细胞学 and histology 组织学 exam. Cytologic test of pleural effusion Histologic test of pleura, lymph node, liver or bone marrow. Open lung biopsy 开胸肺活检 Imaging and other tests Tumor markers 肿瘤标志物 (a?biomarker or tumor antigen found in the?blood,?urine, or body tissues?that can be elevated in?cancer). CEA癌胚抗原, NSE 神经特异性烯醇酶, cyfra21-1 细胞角 蛋白19片段, ProGRY胃泌素释放肽前体. Diagnosis The long-term survival rate of lung cancer largely depends on the early diagnosis. Education of people about the knowledge of lung cancer The people over 40 years old with a heavey smoking history or a contact history with carcinogenic factor should have a health check-up once a year. Timely identification of lung cancer’s early symptomes Diagnosis Common signs and symptoms of lung cancer include: a constant unexplain