干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系 - 植物生态学报.pdf

植物生态学报 2012, 36 (1): 88–98 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00088 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 干旱区叶片形态特征与植物响应和适应的关系 1,2 1,2* 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 1,2 李永华 卢 琦 吴 波 朱雅娟 刘殿君 张金鑫 靳占虎 1中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所, 北京 100091; 2 中国防治荒漠化研究与发展中心, 北京 100091 摘 要 叶片形态是指示植物适应特定环境的重要指标。由于植物叶片形态不仅对时空环境变化具有极强的敏感性和可塑 性, 而且能够通过叶片形态的调整调节自身的生存适应能力, 所以叶片形态学研究一直是植物生理及植物生态学研究中的热 点。该文在总结前人叶片形态学研究成果的基础上, 探索建立了简单的叶片形态指标分类体系; 结合物质能量交换的物理学 原理, 回顾总结了叶片表观形态变化与叶片物质能量交换之间的相关关系; 应用叶片形态影响物质能量交换的物理学原理, 重点分析了干旱区植物叶片表观形态对低水分环境、高辐射(或高温) 的响应与适应特征; 最后, 在回顾分析的基础上, 对叶 片形态研究中存在的几个问题进行了讨论。 关键词 干旱区植物, 叶片边界层阻力, 叶片形态学, 叶片温度, 植物响应与适应特征 A review of leaf morphology plasticity linked to plant response and adaptation characteristics in arid ecosystems LI Yong-Hua1,2, LU Qi1,2 ﹡, WU Bo1,2, ZHU Ya-Juan1,2, LIU Dian-Jun1,2, ZHANG Jin-Xin1,2, and JIN Zhan-Hu1,2 1Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; and 2 Chinese Research and Development Center for Combating Desertification , Beijing 100091, China Abstract Leaf morphology is closely related to the specific environment and provides the most useful characteristics to un- derstand plant response and adaptation strategy to environmental change. Leaf morphology plasticity is obviously related to the temporal and spatial variation of environmental variables, which are useful to plants to enhance their ability to survive. Consequently, for many years, studies on plant physiology, plant ecology and physiological ecology focused on leaf morphology. We establish a simple category of leaf morphology classification. Simulta- neously, based on the principle of material and energy balances, we systematically review