穿孔法改进泡沫铝的吸声性能 - 中国有色金属学报.pdf

第 21 卷第 1 期 中国有色金属学报 2010 年 1 月 Vol.21 No.1 The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Jan. 2011 文章编号：1004-0609(2011)01-0138-07 穿孔法改进泡沫铝的吸声性能 袁文文，李言祥，陈 祥 (清华大学 机械工程系，教育部先进成形制造重点实验室，北京 100084) 摘 要：利用熔体发泡技术制备不同孔径和气孔率的泡沫铝，对不同气孔率的原始状态泡沫铝以及孔径为 1.1 mm 的穿孔泡沫铝的吸声性能进行研究。结果表明：未设置背腔时，原始状态泡沫铝的吸声性能不高，设置背腔后， 由于泡沫铝中所含通透结构的作用，泡沫铝的吸声性能明显提高；穿孔泡沫铝的穿孔率在0.5%~1.0%范围，设置 60~80 mm 背腔时可使降噪系数超过 0.42，比原始状态泡沫铝不设置背腔时的降噪系数高 2 倍左右；穿孔泡沫铝 设置背腔后的吸声特性符合 Helmholtz 共振吸声的规律，但受到穿孔结构、泡沫铝原本存在的缺陷组成的通透结 构和气泡孔在穿孔过程中被打开的小开口等因素的影响。 关键词：泡沫铝；穿孔；吸声性能；Helmholtz 共振 中图分类号：TG146.21 文献标志码：A Improving sound absorption of aluminum foams by drilling holes YUAN Wen-wen, Li Yan-xiang, CHEN Xiang (Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Abstract: Aluminum foams with various cell sizes and porosities were prepared by the melt foaming process. The sound absorption properties of aluminum foams with different porosities in as-received state and with drilling holes of 1.1 mm diameter were investigated. The results show that the aluminum foams in as-received state with no back cavity do not possess high sound absorbability, while setting up a back cavity behind the foam can improve the sound absorbability according to some permeable structures existing inside the aluminum foam; the noise reduction coefficients of the aluminum foams with 0.5%−1.0% holes area ratio and 60−80 mm thick back cavity are above 0.42, which are about t