植物对硼元素的吸收转运机制 - 华中农业大学微量元素研究中心.PDF

ISSN 2009 8 CN 113870Q Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolo y 25( 8) : 702~ 707 综述 * 夏金婵, 何奕 ( 首都师范大学生命科学学院, 北京 100048) 硼是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素, 但是在世界范 内, 土壤中硼含量过高或者过低都会 对植物生长产生影响, 是农业生产上的主要问题. 近来人们对硼的吸收转运机制的研究取得了突破 性进展, 鉴定了一些硼的转运通道和转运蛋白, 例如: NIP5; 1NIP6; 1BOR1 和BOR4, 并对它们的转 运机制有了一些了解. 植物在硼缺少的情况下首先通过转运通道NIP5; 1 把硼吸收到共质体, 然后 通过转运蛋白BOR1运入中柱; 在高硼毒害时, 通过转运蛋白BOR4 把过多的硼转出植物体, 同时在 植物中增加糖醇的含量, 过表达BOR1 或BOR4 都能改变植物对硼含量变化的耐受性. 因此, 对植物 中硼吸收转运机制的研究将有利于人们通过生物学手段提高作物对土壤中硼过高或过低的抗性. 植物; 硼; NIP5; 1; NIP6; 1; BOR1; BOR4 Q78 Mechanisms of Boron Transport in Plants * XIA JinChan, HE YiKun ( College of Lfi e Sciences , Cap ital Normal University , Beji ing 100048, China) Abstract Boron is an essential nutrient for the normal rowth of hi her plants. Boron deficiency is a worldwide problem in major rain producin areas that results in the rapid inhibition of plant rowth. In recent years, the studies of the molecular basis of boron absorption and transport in plants has advanced si nificantly, several boron transports and channels were identified, for examples, NIP5; 1, NIP6; 1, BOR1 and BOR4. Under boron restriction, boron is taken into the symplasm mainly throu h NIP5; 1, forms boric acid to be transported toward steles via plasmodesmata, then exported into stellar apoplasm by BOR1. In the boronrich soils, BOR4 is important for the directional export of boron from the roots to prevent the accumulation of boron in the xylem or rowin cells. The selected or trans enic