词汇来自欧洲文化入门.docVIP

European Culture: An Introduction 　Introduction 1.Uses of the Subject2.Two Major Elements in European Culture Europen culture is made of many elements, which has gone through changes over the centuries. Two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are: the Greco-Roman element, and the Judeo-Christian element. DIVISION 1 GREEK CULTURE AND ROMAN CULTURE 　I. Greek Culture Greek Culture Timeline of Ancient Greece Ancient Greece--- no fixed dates for the beginning or the end of the period. In common usage it refers to all Greek history before the Roman Empire. Its history is usually divided into several periods, among which we introduce three of them. 1600 BC?to about 1100 BC? History of Mycenaean Greece ?This period is known for the reign of King Agamemnon, and the wars against Troy. Around 1200 B.C., Trojan WarIn Greek legend, famous war waged by the Greeks against the city of Troy. Ending in the destruction of Troy. This is the war Homer refers to in his epics. It is the historical setting of the epics of Homer and much other Greek mythology. 1100 BC?to the 8th century BC “Greek Dark Ages The word “dark” here refers to the period of Greek prehistory. No primary texts, and only scant archaeological evidence, survive. During this time the culture of Greece dwindled. The great trading empire which had begun with the Minoans (弥诺斯人) and was inherited by the Mycenaeans, was destroyed in the Dark Ages. 8th century BC to 323 BC Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century BC. marked by successful repulse 击退of Persian invasion, establishment of democracy and flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. The century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. (雅典-斯巴达）In the second half of the 4th century BC, all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon.马其顿 his armies went out to conquer large areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. In 146B.C. the Romans conq