王弼「体用」义诠定.PDF

臺灣東亞文明研究學刊 第 6卷第1期(總第 11期) 2009年6月 頁 161-201 【研究論著】 General Article 王弼「體用」義詮定 An Interpretation of Wang Bis Tiyong 周芳敏 * Fang-Ming JOU 關鍵詞 ：王弼、體用、有無、以無為體、以無為用 Keywords: Wang Bi , tiyong , take non-being as internal characteristic, take non- being as behavior characteristic * 德明財經科技大學通識中心副教授。 162 臺灣東亞文明研究學刊 第 6卷第1期(總第 11期) 2009年6月 摘要 王弼為體用範疇之首唱者，然其體用原義是否如後世習用的「本體、 現象」，學界漸有不同看法。本文首先透過對王弼體用舊說之省察，檢視 各家說法之困難。其次，藉由對王弼文獻的回顧，指出王弼之體用思想實 得於《易經》的啟發，而自覺且嫻熟地運用於《老子注》與《周易注》 中。要言之，王弼之「體」為道德特性，「用」則為相應於該道德特性的 行為特性。就「道」及「與道同體」的聖人而言，乃是以無為體、以無為 用，故能得無所偏為之功；就失道者而言，乃是以有為體、以有為用，其 功則或為仁義禮節，或為裂發歇竭滅蹶。對王弼而言，體用既是對道與失 道者之存在特性的說明，亦是工夫進路的提點。是以，將王弼之體用理解 為後世「本體／現象、功用」習義，並將之與無有、一多、本末、母子等 視為對應範疇，蓋未盡實。 ii 王弼「體用」義詮定 163 Abstract Wang Bi is the initiator for the category of tiyong. Wang Bis original meaning of tiyong is substance and function or not, the scholars have different viewpoints gradually. This article examines the philosophic difficulties of various interpretations of Wang Bis tiyong in the past. By reviewing the text of Wang Bis, this paper points out that Wang Bis thought of tiyong was inspired by Zhouyi, and Wang Bi made use of the category of tiyong to the commentary on Lauzi and Zhouyi self- consciously and expertly. In one word, Wang Bis ti is the internal characteristic, yong is the behavior characteristic which corresponds to the internal characteristic. For dau and the saint whose internal characteristic is as same as dau, they take non-being as internal characteristic （yi wu wei ti 以無為體）and take non- being as