灰阶影像.PPT

(c) Scott E Umbaugh, SIUE 2005 Image Processing : Basic Concept Imaging Systems Overview Consists of two primary components: Hardware – Image acquisition system, computer, and display devices Software – Image manipulation(操作), analysis, and processing Image is accessed (存取) as a 2-D array (陣列) of data, where each data point is referred to as a pixel (像素) Notation: I(r,c) = Brightness (亮度) of image at the pt (r,c) where r = row(列), and c = column(行) Visible Light Imaging Sensors : Converts (轉換) light energy into electrical energy Image Representation Optical (光學) image : Collection of spatially distributed (空間分佈) light energy measured by an image sensor to generate I(r,c) Matrix: 2-D array like the image model, I(r,c) Vector: One row or column in a matrix Image Types Binary (二元化) images: Simplest type of images, which can take two values, typically black or white, or “0” or “1” Gray scale (灰階) images: One-color or monochrome images that contains only brightness information and no color information Color images: 3 band monochrome images, where each band corresponds to a different color, typically red, blue and green or RGB Color pixel vector: Single pixel’s values for a color image, (R,G,B) Multispectral(多光譜) Images: Images of many bands containing information outside of the visible spectrum(可見光譜) Color Transform/Color Model Mathematical model or algorithm to map(映射) RGB data into another color space (色彩空間) Decouples (分開) brightness and color information Hue(色調)/Saturation(飽和度)/Lightness(亮度) (HSL) Color Transform: Describes colors in terms that we can more readily understand Hue corresponds to color, saturation corresponds to the amount of white in color, and lightness is the brightness For example: a deep, bright orange color would have a large intensity (bright), a hue of “orange” , and a high value of saturation (“deep(深度)”) But in terms of RGB components, this color would have the values as R =245, G= 110, and B=2