量子力学新进展简介.PDF

閲忓瓙鍔涘鏂拌繘灞曠畝浠 鏇捐皑瑷€ 涓€瀵归噺瀛愬姏瀛︾悊璁虹幇鐘剁殑璇勪环锛?-10锛 鍏充簬閲忓瓙鍔涘鐨勯暱鏈熶簤璁 鈼 Schr枚dinger鐚€佷蒋璋 鈼 EPR浣艾 浜 Bell 涓嶇瓑寮忓強瀹為獙妫€楠 (11鈥?5) 涓 Bell 涓嶇瓑寮忕殑鍚庣户宸ヤ綔 (16鈥?0 ) 鈼 GHZ 瀹氱悊 鈼 涓庢€佹棤鍏崇殑 Non-Hidden Variables Theorem 鈼 Non-local Realism 鍥 閲忓瓙鍔涘杩戞湡閲嶈杩涘睍锛?1-30锛 鈼忎粙瑙備笌瀹忚 Schr枚dinger鐚 鎬 閲忓瓙- 缁忓吀鐨勮繃娓★紝閫€鐩稿共 (decoherence) 鐞嗚 鈼忛噺瀛愭€佸伐绋 (Quantum 鈥揝tate Engineering) 鈼忛噺瀛愪俊鎭瀛 (Quantum Information Science) 浜 閲忓瓙鍔涘涓庡箍涔夌浉瀵硅 鐨勭煕鐩撅紙31-32锛 涓€ 瀵归噺瀛愬姏瀛︾悊璁虹幇鐘剁殑璇勪环 鈼 D. Kleppner, R. Jackiw, Science, 289 (2000) 893. One Hundred Years of Quantum Mechanics. 鈥淨uantum theory is the most precisely tested and most successful theory in the history of science.鈥 鈼廇. Zeilinger, Nature, 408 (2000) 639. The Quantum Centenary. 鈥淨uantum physics has had unsurpassed success in explaining many phenomena 锛峟rom the structure of elementary particles, through the essence of chemical bonds or the nature of many solid-state phenomena, all the way to the physics of the early universe. To date, all experiments magnificently confirm all quantum predictions with impressive precision. Quantum mechanics also lead to an immense number of technological applications. Modern high-tech developments would have been inconceivable without it-lasers and semiconductors are just two such examples. But most significantly, quantum mechanics changed our view of the world in a way that was completely surprising and had unprecedented depth.鈥 鐩墠鐗╃悊瀛︾晫鐨勫叡璇嗭細 (1) 閲忓瓙鐞嗚鏄瀛﹀彶涓婅鏈€涓ユ牸妫€楠岃繃鍜屾渶鎴愬姛鐨勪竴涓悊璁猴紝瀹冩弧 鎰忓湴闃愭槑浜嗙墿璐ㄧ殑寰缁撴瀯鍜岀墿璐ㄧ殑鍚勭鍩烘湰灞炴€с€ (2) 鍦ㄩ噺瀛愬姏瀛﹀熀纭€涓婏紝浼楀鏂扮殑鐗╃悊瀛︾鍜屽垎鏀绉戠浉缁у簲杩愯€岀敓锛 鍘熷瓙鍜屽垎瀛愮墿鐞嗭紝鍘熷瓙鏍哥墿鐞嗭紝绮掑瓙鐗╃悊锛屽浐鎬佺墿鐞嗭紙鍗婂浣撶墿 鐞嗭紝纾佸鐗╃悊绛夛級锛屾縺鍏夌墿鐞嗭紝閲忓瓙鍏夊锛岄噺瀛愬寲瀛︼紝閲忓瓙鐢熺墿 瀛︼紝澶╀綋鐗╃悊锛屽畤瀹欒锛岀瓑銆 (3) 鍦ㄩ噺瀛愬姏瀛﹀熀纭€涓婏紝鏁颁笉娓呯殑鍚勭搴旀湁鎶€鏈浉缁у嚭鐜帮紙浠ユ縺鍏夛紝 鏅朵綋绠★紝鑺墖绛変负浠ｈ〃锛夈€傛嵁缁熻锛屽湪缇庡浗 鐨勫浗姘戠敓浜ф€诲€间腑锛 鍩轰簬閲忓瓙鐗╃悊鐨勯珮绉戞妧浜т笟鎵€鍗犳瘮閲嶅凡瓒呰繃 30% 銆 (4) 閲忓瓙鍔涘娣