Half-life of reaction反应半衰期.PPT

E.?To decide the order of a reaction from experimental data 1.? Initial rate method: Several runs of the reaction are carried out with _________________________ of the reactants, and the _________________________ of each run is measured. different initial concentrations initial rates E.?從實驗數據決定反應級數 1.?起始速率方法： 以反應物____________作數輪實驗，並量度各輪實 驗的____________。 不同起始濃度 起始速率 experimental data: 實驗數據： e.g. for the reaction 2 NO(g) + Br2(g) ? 2 NOBr(g) 起始濃度 生成NOBr(g)的起始速率 設速率方程式為: Let the rate eqt. be : (1) (2) 2=(2)y y=1 (4) 4=(2)x x=2 速率 速率 代入數據於實驗1: Put in date in expt.1: k=12000 速率 2.? Graphical method: a) Rate / concentration graph 2.? 圖解方法： a) 速率/濃度圖 To prove a zeroth-order reaction, plot _____________, a horizontal straight line will be obtained. rate Vs [A] k 速率 Rate [A] Rate = k 要證明零級方程反應，繪____________，可得到一水平直線。 速率對[A]圖 l?To prove a first-order reaction, plot _______________, a straight line will be obtained. rate Vs [A] 斜率 Slope = k 速率 Rate [A] l?要證明一級方程反應，繪___________，可得到一直線。 速率對[A]圖 Rate = k[A] l???To prove a second-order reaction, plot ______________, a straight line will be obtained. rate Vs [A]2 斜率 Slope = k 速率 Rate l???要證明二級方程反應，繪______________，可得到一直線。 速率對[A]2圖 Rate = k[A]2 l??Plotting _______________________, we can distinguish the three kinds of reaction order. log rate Vs log[A] 斜率 Slope = n 速率 速率 l??繪___________________，可辨別三種級數。 log速率對log[A]圖 e.g. The following kinetic results are obtained for the decomposition of NO2 at 300oC. 在300℃，NO2分解反應的結果： 2 NO2(g) ? 2 NO(g) + O2(g) NO2分解速率 Plot a suitable graph to find the order of reaction with respect to NO2 and determine the rate constant. 繪一合適的圖，以求得對於NO2的反應級數及速率常數。 設速率方程式為: Let the rate eqt. be : 速率 速率 -3.50 -3.60 -3.70