九年级上.物理资料（Ninth grade. Physical information）.docVIP

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九年级上.物理资料（Ninth grade. Physical information）.doc

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九年级上.物理资料（Ninth grade. Physical information）

九年级上.物理资料（Ninth grade. Physical information） Chapter 11 colorful material world The universe and the microcosm The universe, the Milky Way, the solar system, the earth Matter consists of molecules; A molecule is a particle that keeps its original properties; The average size is only a few billionths of a metre (0.3-0.4 nm). The nature of the three states of matter: Solids: the molecules are tightly aligned, and the particles have powerful forces. Solids have certain shapes and sizes. Liquid: there is no fixed position of the molecule, the motion is more free, the force between the particles is smaller than the solid; The liquid has no definite shape and is liquid. Gases: the molecules are extremely scattered, the space is very large, and they are moving in all directions at high speed, the particles are weak and weak, easy to be compressed, and the gas is liquid. Molecules consist of atoms, which consist of nuclei and (nuclear) electrons, which are composed of protons and neutrons. Nanotechnology: (1nm = 10 m), nano scale: (0.1-100nm). The object of the study is a small number of molecules or individual atoms and molecules. Second, the quality Quality: how much matter is contained in an object. Quality is an attribute of the object itself, and its size is independent of shape, state, location, temperature and so on. Physical quantity symbol: m. Unit: kg, t, g, mg. 1 t = 103 kg, 1 kg = 103 g, 1 g = 103 mg. Scale: 1. Principle: leverage principle. 2. Precautions: dont exceed the weighing scale of the measured objects; To add weight to the intraday, use tweezers, not to get the weights dirty and wet; Wet objects and chemicals cannot be placed directly on the scales 3. Use: (1) put the scales on the horizontal table; (2) put the game in the ruler to the left side of the zero - cut line, adjust the balance nut on the beam, and balance the balance (the pointer points to the center line of the dividing disk or the right and left oscillations of equal). (3) put the object i