实验一(一) 熔点的测定(毛细管法)（Determination of melting point (capillary method)）.docVIP

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实验一(一) 熔点的测定(毛细管法)（Determination of melting point (capillary method)）.doc

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实验一(一) 熔点的测定(毛细管法)（Determination of melting point (capillary method)）

实验一(一) 熔点的测定(毛细管法)（Determination of melting point (capillary method)） Determination of melting point (capillary method) I. experimental purpose 1. Understand the significance of melting point measurement. 2. Control the operation of melting point with capillary method. Basic principles The melting point of the substance refers to the temperature of the solid liquid at the atmospheric pressure. When the temperature is high TM, all solid phases are converted to liquid phase; If it is lower than TM, the liquid phase is converted to solid phase. The melting point of pure solid matter usually have a fixed, but under certain pressure, the solid liquid two phase between the change of temperature is very sharp, from start melting (beginning) to completely melt (fuse) temperature range (melting) is small, generally not more than 0.5-1 ℃. If the substance contains impurities, its melting point tends to be lower than the melting point of pure matter, and the fuse is also larger. Therefore, the determination of melting point can often be used to identify and qualitatively examine the purity of matter. Samples if melting point determination of the mixture of two different types of organic matter (e.g., cinnamic acid and urea), their respective melting point is 133 ℃, but their amount of mixture, and test its melting point, is much lower than 133 ℃, and melting process. This phenomenon is called mixed melting point drop, this experiment called mixed melting point, melting point is used to test the two the same or similar whether the organic matter is the simple physical method of the same kind of material. , this experiment adopts the simple method of capillary melting point determination, in fact, the method of measured temperature is not a point, but the melting range, the result is often higher than the melting point of real, but as a general purity identification can already. When the melting point is determined by capillary method, there is a certain deviation between the me