平衡状态的判断（Balance state judgment）.doc

平衡状态的判断（Balance state judgment） The sign and judgment of equilibrium state of reversible reaction Luan chunwu, no.1 middle school of xuanhua county, hebei province Reversible reaction under certain conditions, when the forward reaction rate and the rate of adverse reaction, the amount of substance concentration of reactants and products are no longer change the status of the chemical equilibrium. Its characteristics include: (1) inverse : the object of chemical equilibrium study is reversible reaction. (2) wait : the essence of chemical balance is positive and reverse reaction rate, namely: v (positive) = v (inverse). (3) move : v (positive) = v (inverse) does not equal 0 (4) determination : the concentration, mass fraction and volume fraction of each component in the equilibrium system must be maintained (but not necessarily equal) with the change of time. (5) change : the chemical equilibrium is a balance under certain conditions. If external conditions change, the chemical equilibrium may be moved by fractions. (6) with : on the premise of outside conditions unchanged, reversible reaction no matter what way, no matter from the positive reaction or by the reverse reaction starts, the last of the equilibrium state is the same, that is the same state of equilibrium. The signs and methods of the equilibrium state of reversible reactions are as follows: Take mA (g) + nB (g) pC (g) + qD (g) for example: I. direct indication: Rate relationship: the positive reaction rate is the same as the reaction rate, i.e. the rate of A consumption is the same as that of A, and the ratio of the consumption rate of A to C is equal to m: p; The percentage of each substance in the reaction system remains the same. Ii. Indirect signs: (m + n does not equal p + q); the total pressure, total volume and total amount of the mixture are not changed over time. The concentration of substances and the amount of matter do not change with time. The volume of each gas and the partial pressure of th