食品工程原理概念（Concept of food engineering principle）.docVIP

食品工程原理概念（Concept of food engineering principle） 1.2 basic concepts [1-1] the viscous fluid has no shear stress at rest, and the ideal fluid has no shear stress during exercise. If the fluid is unshearing at rest, does it mean they are not sticky? A: Newtons law of internal friction shows that the shear stress is proportional to the velocity echelon, so the viscous fluid is not shear when it is still. It is known from the definition of ideal fluid that there is no viscous fluid as ideal fluid, therefore, there is no shear stress in ideal fluid flow. When a fluid is at rest, the shear stress does not equal to the absence of stickiness, but it does not show up. Viscosity is the property of the fluid itself. [1-2] what is the physical nature of viscosity? Why is the temperature rising, the viscosity of the gas rising, and the viscosity of the liquid falling? A: viscosity is an important property of fluid flow, and its physical nature is the macro expression of molecular cohesion and molecular thermal activity. Due to molecular cohesion between fluid flow and molecular thermal motion momentum exchange, making macro flow layer (speed for u) pull the approaching flow layer of molecules, the molecules in and make the approaching flow layer to speed u - Δ u flow occurs, the greater the cohesion or the smaller molecular thermal motion momentum exchange, the greater the viscosity (that is, the smaller Δ u). For liquid, when temperature increases, the distance between molecules, thermal motion also strengthen at the same time, at this time due to intermolecular distance increase cohesion decline in influence on viscosity is greater than the effects of thermal motion, therefore, the liquid viscosity with temperature rise and fall (namely Δ u increase). For gases, because the distance between molecules is much greater than that of the liquid, the intermolecular cohesion is in a secondary position to the viscous effect. At higher temperatures, molecular thermal motion caused by th