Lecture 2s(本).docVIP

Lecture 2 The Physical Aspects of Language By Lan Chun (11 March, 2014) 1. The Media of Language 1.1 Language in face-to-face communication – speaking and listening Step 1 Hit upon an idea psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics Step 2 Articulate the idea phonetics Step 3 Loaded sounds travel via air speech engineers, telephone companies, etc. Step 4 Get the message psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, etc. 1.2 Language in written communication – writing and reading Step 1 Hit upon an idea Step 2 Write it out rhetoric Step 3 Send it out Step 4 Read the message dyslexia 1.3 A glimpse of language communication for handicapped people Braille Sign languages 1.4 The advantages and disadvantages of different ways of communication Light condition Distance/Barrier Freedom of hands Feedback Extra support Time 2. Speech Production The speech sounds we produce can be studied from different angles. acoustic analysis perceptual analysis articulatory analysis 2.1 Understand speech organs The lungs Vocal tract Pharynx Larynx Vocal cords The lips The tongue the tip the blade the rims the front the back the centre 2.2 Some latest developments in speech science Speech recognition (语音识别) speech synthesis (语音合成) Wolfgang von Kempelen (1734-1804) Alexander Bell (1847-1922) person-computer dialogue (人机对话) in artificial intelligence 3. Writing Systems of the World Advantages in having a writing system 3.1 What is writing? 3.2 Take a historical tour Cadmus T’sang Chie Thoth Allah At the early stage of human literary civilization, writing seemed to be linked to pictorial representations. The changes the Egyptian system of hieroglyphics went through e.g. re, the word for sun The Phoenicians 3.3 Be aware of different writing systems phonological writings alphabetic writing, syllabic writing non-phonological writings word writing 3.3.1 Word Writing For the most part, the Chinese system is a word-writing system. 3.3.2 Syllabic Writing Japanese is the only major lan