CH06_CPU scheduling.pptVIP

* Java线程调度 * Java线程调度 * 指定时间片 * 线程优先级 * 算法评价 * 通过模仿CPU调度程序来评价 Linux Scheduling Linux支持SMP,每个CPU有自己的runqueue,并各自独立进行调度. 每个runqueue有两组优先级: Active: contains all tasks with time remaining in their time slices Expired: contains all expired tasks 调度程序从Active array中选取优先级最高的进程使用CPU,当所有进程都用尽了自己的时间片,交换Active array与expired array * List of Tasks Indexed According to Priorities * Java Thread Scheduling JVM Uses a Preemptive, Priority-Based Scheduling Algorithm. （JVM使用的是抢占式的、基于优先级的调度算法） FIFO Queue is Used if There Are Multiple Threads With the Same Priority. （对多个相同优先级的进程将使用FIFO队列来调度） * Java Thread Scheduling (cont) JVM Schedules a Thread to Run When（JVM调度线程运行，当）: The Currently Running Thread Exits the Runnable State（当前运行进程退出运行状态时）. A Higher Priority Thread Enters the Runnable State（有更高优先级的进程进入可运行状态时） * Note – the JVM Does Not Specify Whether Threads are Time-Sliced or Not.（注意 – JVM并未指定线程是否是指定时间片的） * Time-Slicing Since the JVM Doesn’t Ensure Time-Slicing, the yield() Method May Be Used（鉴于JVM不指定时间片，将使用yield()方法）: while (true) { // perform CPU-intensive task . . . Thread.yield(); ();//relinquishes control of the cpu allowing another thread of equal priority to run } This Yields Control to Another Thread of Equal Priority（这将把控制权转给另一个相同优先级的线程）. * Thread Priorities Thread Priorities: 线程类定义了三类优先级： Priority Comment Thread.MIN_PRIORITY Minimum Thread Priority Thread.MAX_PRIORITY Maximum Thread Priority Thread.NORM_PRIORITY Default Thread Priority Priorities May Be Set Using setPriority() method: setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY + 2); 当线程创建的时候就给定一个默认的优先级，但优先级可以通过在程序中使用setPriority（）方法来修改 * Algorithm Evaluation CPU调度算法很多,如何选择适当的算法? 首先定义一个标准 (根据要实现的系统所追求的目标,如CPU利用率\系统吞吐量\平均周转时间\响应时间等) 然后根据标准来选择适当的算法 采用相应的模型来评价算法 * Algorithm Evaluation Deterministic modeling – takes a particular predetermined workload and defines the performance of each algorithm for that workload（确定模型法 – 精确预定