江阴市青阳中学历史考点讲义必修3第一单元（Jiangyin Qingyang high school history examination notes required 3 unit 1）.docVIP

江阴市青阳中学历史考点讲义必修3第一单元（Jiangyin Qingyang high school history examination notes required 3 unit 1） Unit 1 the evolution of the mainstream ideology of Chinese traditional culture (1) a hundred schools of thought contend in the spring and Autumn period (from eighth Century BC to third Century BC): Significance: it was the first ideological liberation movement in Chinese history and laid the foundation for the development of Chinese thought and culture. 1., the fundamental reason for the contention of a hundred schools of thought during the spring and Autumn period was the great social change. One of the most important schools is: Tao (Lao Tzu, Chuang-tzu); Confucianism (Confucius, Meng Zi, Xunzi); Ink (Mo-tse); Law (Han Feizi). 2. spring and autumn period: (1) Confucius (the founder of the Confucian school, representing the interests of the slave owners) created confucianism, Main viewpoints: Benevolence (core); Advocate oneself; People with virtue (cherish the people, against the oppressive and arbitrary punishment to kill); The first private school, advocated individualized education for all . (2) Lao Zi (the founder of Taoism, the interests of the slave owners, the nobility); Main viewpoints: Tao is the origin of the world; That conform to the nature, content and few desires; Inaction (the ideal society of the small territory and population); Naive dialectics. Confucianism focuses on ethics, Home, focusing on the concept of the universe, philosophical thinking. 3. Warring states: Mencius: Benevolence; the people; good in nature. Xunzi: Righteousness and King yidefuren; Evil; Making use of the mandate of heaven (the rational use of the law of nature is a materialist thought). Chuang-tzu: Everything in the world is relative, giving up the concept of difference and gaining spiritual freedom. Mo-tse (on behalf of the civilian population): No, Shang Xian, thrift, love. Han Fei tzu: The rule of law, the establishment of autocratic monarchy, centralization of power. (adapted