经济学常识及公式（Economics common sense and formula）.docVIP

经济学常识及公式（Economics common sense and formula） 1, variable cost (Variable Costs) refers to the manufacturer in short-term production of a certain number of products to variable production factors to pay the cost. Variable costs are equal to total cost less constant costs (VC=TC-FC). Variable costs are mainly aimed at short-term production of firms because we only assume constant costs in short-run production, while there is no variable cost or constant cost in long-term production. 2, fixed costs (Fixed, Cost) (also called fixed costs) relative to the variable cost, refers to the total cost in a certain period and a certain amount of business scope, is not affected by changes in activity level and keeps unchanged cost. The fixed cost is usually between binding fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs. Restrained fixed cost Costs that must be spent in order to maintain the capacity of an enterprise to provide products and services, such as depreciation of plant and equipment, property taxes, house rentals, and managerial salaries. Because such costs are associated with the ability to maintain an enterprise, also known as operating capacity costs (capacity, Cost). Once the amount of such costs has been determined, it cannot be easily changed and thus has considerable degree of restraint. discretionary fixed cost The fixed costs, such as new product development fees, advertising fees, staff training fees, and other fixed costs resulting from the planned budget determined by the business administration prior to the start of the fiscal year. Since the budget of such costs is only valid during the budget period, the enterprise leaders can determine the budget figures for different budget periods according to the changes in specific circumstances, so they are also called self qualitative fixed costs. The amount of such costs is not binding and can be determined in different circumstances. 3. Factory costs refer to production costs that occur during production. That is to sa