经济学计算题1（Economic calculation questions 1）.docVIP

经济学计算题1（Economic calculation questions 1） 1, assume that a vendors requirements are as follows: Q=5000-50P. Among them, Q is output, and P is price. The average cost function of the manufacturer is AC=6000/Q+20. What is the price and output that maximizes the profit of the manufacturer? What is the maximum profit? Profit = price - cost R=PQ-ACQ R=[P* (5000-50P) - (6000/Q+20) *Q] R=5000P-50P^2-[6000+20Q] R=5000P-50P^2-[6000+10000-1000P] R=-50P^2+6000P-16000 The 2 function has the maximum value when it opens downward The maximum value is P=-6000/ (2*-50) =60 So when P=60 is R Max....Q=2000 AC=23 R=74000 2, a utility function is U=2X+2Y+XY+8, the price is PX=5, PY=10, the income is 50, (1) seeking utility maximization when the X, Y value? (2) maximum utility? (3) the marginal utility of money 2, Simultaneous equation: PX * QXPY * QY = 50 (PX, PY and PX/PY=UX/UY (in) you have no calculus, differential 2Y) UX = UY = 2x Then you can solve it yourself, two equations, two unknowns Maximizing utility is the utility of PX/PY=UX/UY Marginal utility MU (X) /PX=MU (Y) /PY 3. The demand equation and supply equation of a given commodity are Qd=14-3P, Qs=2+6P, respectively: equilibrium price of the product, equilibrium demand, price elasticity and supply price elasticity. When (1) equilibrium, the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded, that is QD=QS That is, 14-3P=2+6P The solution is P=4/3 Q=10 Delta Qd/ Delta P=-3 Delta Qs/ Delta P=6 (2) the price elasticity of demand of ED= Delta Qd/Q Delta P/P=-, Delta Qd/ Delta P * P/Q=2/5=0.4 (3) the demand elasticity of supply of ED= Delta Qs/Q, Delta P/P= Delta Qs/ Delta P * P/Q =4/5=0.8 2, if the consumer Zhangs income is 270 yuan, he is in the commodity X and Ys no difference curve on the slope of dY/dX=-20/Y points to achieve balance. Given that the prices of X and Y are PX=2 and PY=5, how much will Zhang spend on X and Y? Solution: the consumer equilibrium condition is - dY/dX = MRS = PX/PY So - - (-20/Y) = 2/5, Y = 50 Accordin