英语大学物理与能源学院.ppt

Chapter 7 8 Energy and Conservation Law;7-1 Work and Power (P147-);Explanations:;If;(5) Geometrical representation of work:;*;Work depends on path.;Interaction force between m1 and m2;We have used this conclusion before;2. Power (功率) (P186);a;Because;Deduce;Net work done on an object equals to the change in its kinetic energy.;(4) Both W and K depend on RF. Work-kinetic energy theorem is only hold for inertial RF.;Example:;R;7-3 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces;The feature of the gravity:;Based on Hooke’s law:;The net work done by conservative force (保守力) on a particle moving around any closed path is zero.;*;a;The work done by conservative force = minus change of “U” related to the conservative force (保守力作功等于该过程始末两状态势能增量的负值).;Explanations:;If work done by force is dependent on the path.;7-5 Work-Energy Principle;(2);The total energy of a system can change only by amounts of energy that are transferred to or from the system. ;A crate of mass 180kg is released that was being held at rest at the top of a 3.7m-long-ramp inclined 39o to the horizontal. = 0.28 (a) How fast is the crate moving as it reaches the bottom of the ramp? (b) How far will it subsequently slide across the floor? (c) Do the answers to them change if we halve the mass of the crate? ;From the algebraic form of the results, it can be seen that the answers do not depend on mass.;A chain has length L and mass M, and was put on a frictionless table. At t = 0, the chain is stationary and length d is hanged over the edge. At the moment that the whole chain leave the table, what is the (a) Wg and (b) the velocity of the chain ?;Applying the Kinetic-energy theorem, only Wg,;7-6 Potential Energy Diagrams;If we consider a 1D system in which U depends only on x, U =U(x), a graph can then be drawn of U versus x. ;A conservative force equals to minus gradient of the potential energy related to the force 保守力沿某一给定的 l 方向的分量等于与此保守力相应的势能函数沿l 方向的空间变化率(梯度).;Let U = 0 for r = ?, the U of syste