地理信息系统完整版（GIS Complete Edition）.docVIP

地理信息系统完整版（GIS Complete Edition） Geographic Information System Chapter I 1. Data and information data: the direct or indirect record of a qualitative or quantitative description of things and the environment in the process of understanding and transforming the world is an unprocessed raw material and an objective object. Information: It is the use of words, numbers, symbols, languages, images and other media to express events, things, phenomena and other content, quantity or characteristics, so as to people (or systems) to provide new facts and knowledge of the real world, as the production, construction, operation, management, analysis and decision-making basis. Relationship: Information originates from data, meaning of data connotation and content and explanation of data. Information is an objective existence, and the data is an object of the expression, it is not information. The information contained in the data is not automatically presented, and the information can be presented by using a technique such as statistics, interpretation and coding. 2. The data description of geographical features and phenomena includes three parts: spatial location, attribute characteristic (attribute) in time domain. 3. Features of geographic information: Objectivity of information, applicability of information, transmission of information, sharing of information, spatial correlation, spatial region, spatial diversity and spatial hierarchy. 4. GIS: A computer information system for collecting, editing, storing, analyzing and outputting spatial data. 5. Basic features of GIS: spatial location characteristics of data, complexity of spatial relationship processing, and massive data management capabilities. 6. Basic functions of GIS: Data collection function, editing and processing, data storage, organization and management function, spatial query and spatial analysis function, data output function. 7. GIS Composition: GIS operating environment includes computer hardware system, softw