局解问题胸部（Problem chest）.docVIP

局解问题胸部（Problem chest） 1. upper and lower bounds of the chest Upper bounds: the jugular vein notch, the locking joint, the supraclavicular margin, and the acromion to the seventh cervical spine; The lower bound: the arch of ribs, eleventh, or twelfth, the front rib subcostal to twelfth thoracic spinous process. 2. female breast lymphatic reflux The upper breast axillary lymph node and supraclavicular lymph node Lateral and central pectoral lymph nodes Medial sternal lymph node The lower part of the medial anterior abdominal wall; the inferior mediastinum; the upper hepatic lymph node Deep pectoral lymph vessels and axillary lymph nodes Segmental features and clinical significance of the 3. cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerve in the anterior and lateral regions of the chest 1. distribution characteristics: obvious segmental nerve, top-down by ordinal ranking, ring banded, second intercostal nerve distribution in the sternal angle plane skin, fourth intercostal nerves to the papillary plane, the sixth intercostal nerve to the xiphoid plane, the eighth intercostal nerve to the costal arch plane. 2. according to the characteristics of distribution can be determined the level of anesthesia and diagnosis of spinal cord injury segment; adjacent cutaneous nerve distribution overlap, a common management zone skin feeling, when the two adjacent intercostal nerve damage, loss of sensation appeared common area management ribbon. 4. the name and the structure of the three holes of the diaphragm Aortic arch: descending aorta, thoracic duct Esophageal hiatus: anterior, posterior, trunk, and esophagus of vagus nerve Vena cava: inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve 5. lung and pleural lower body surface projection The median clavicle, axillary line, and posterior midline Lower lung flat, sixth rib flat, eighth rib flat, tenth thoracic spine spinous process Lower pleural plane, eighth rib, tenth rib, Twelfth vertebra spinous process 6. the blood vessels of the lungs Function