对比分析2号李慧分解.ppt

The Linguistic Aspect of  Contrastive Analysis 李 慧 Structuralist linguistics Contrastive analysis had both psychological aspect linguistic aspect. The linguistic aspect was based on structuralist linguistics which emphasized the importance of detailed scientific description of languages based on a description of the different categories that make up the patterns of a language. The representative figures: Bloomfield 1933 Language Fries 1952 Procedures of Contrastive Analysis 规范的描写两种语言→选择一定的比较项目→对比（找出共同点和不同点）→预测（确定那些地方容易发生偏误） 1.Description: a formal description of the two languages is made 2.Selection: certain items are selected for comparision 3.Comparision: the identification of areas of difference and similarity 4.Prediction: identifying which areas are likely to cause errors Degrees of similarity difference 1.No difference between a feature of the two languages. e.g. Jai (French)= I ve (English) 2. Convergent phenomena 集中现象: two items in L1 coalesced into one in the L2. e.g. kennen+wissen (German)= know (English) 3.An item in L1 is absent in the target language. Degrees of similarity difference 4. An item in L1 has a different distribution from the equivalent item in the L2. 5. No similarity between first language feature and target language feature. e.g. negation of No se (Spanish ) Do not (English) 6. Divergent phenomena 分歧现象：one item in the first language becomes two items in the target language. e.g. the (English)→le la (French) Hierarchy of Difficulty 难度等级 难度等级列表 难度等级1 两种语言里语言成分相同 难度等级2 母语中两项在目的语中合并为一项 难度等级3 母语中的某个语言项目在目的语中没有相对应的形式 难度等级4 母语中的某个语言项目在目的语中虽有相对应的项目，但在形式和分布上均存在差异 难度等级5 目的语中的某个语言在母语中没有相对应的形式 难度等级6 母语中的一个语言项目在目的语中分成两个以上的语言项目 Research scope Most studies of phonological system Full-length studies of syntax Few studies of vocabulary No studies of cultures ----Problems The descriptive basis of the comparison. The relationship between the psychological and