互译理论和实践(一)程序.ppt

词义的褒贬 语言本身虽没有阶级性，但在具体使用时不可能不为一定的阶级服务。为了忠实于原文的思想内容，翻译时必须正确理解原作者的基本政治立场和观点，然后选用适当的语言手段来加以表达。原文中有些词本身就表示褒贬意义，就应该把褒贬意义相应地表达出来；但也有些词语孤立起来看似乎是中性的，译成汉语时就要根据上下文恰如其分地把它们的褒义或贬义表达出来。 1. 英语中有些词本身就有褒贬意义，汉译时就应相应地表达出来，如： 1) He was a man of high renown (fame). 他是位有名望的人。（褒） 第四讲 词义的选择，引伸和褒贬 [1][2][3][4] [ ] 2) His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death . 他作为流氓的恶名是他死后才传开的。（贬） 3) The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. 他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。（褒） 4) Henry keeps boasting that he has talked to the President. 亨利总是吹嘘说他曾同总统谈过话。（贬） 5) He was polite and always gave advice willingly, she recalled. 她回忆说，“他彬彬有礼，总是诲人不倦。”（褒） 6) We were shocked by his coarse manners. 我们对他的粗暴态度感到震惊。（贬） 2. 英语中有些词义是中立的，本身不表示褒义或贬义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味，汉译时就应该用具有褒贬意味的相应的词来表达，如： 第四讲 词义的选择，引伸和褒贬 [1][2][3][4] [ ] 2.1 需要用褒义的词来表达 1) Once early in 1974,while driving along the San Diego Freeway from Clemente to Los Angeles, he was asked to reflect on his hopes and ambitions. 一九七四年初，有人同他一起驱车从克利门蒂沿圣地亚哥公路去洛杉机，途中请他谈了他的希望和抱负。 2) After all, counseled Sonnenfeldt, youre the only Republican I know with the proper academic credentials.” Kissinger demurred. Such an offer, he said, was highly unlikely. 索南费尔特劝他说，“共和党里我知道只有你一个人具有这适当的学术方面的条件。”基辛格免不了谦虚一番，说恐怕不大可能给他这样的职位吧。 3) The two politicians talked for no more than minutes, at a significant moment in their careers. 两位政治家交谈了仅仅五分钟。这次谈话是在他们一生事业的重大时刻进行的。 第四讲 词义的选择，引伸和褒贬 [1][2][3][4] [ ] 2.2 需要用贬义的词来表达 1) He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved. 他是一个正直诚实的人，但不幸有某种坏名声。我相信他这个坏名声是不该有的。 2) Then, just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russians arrested me as a spy” and sent me out through Poland. (A. L. Strong) 后来，就在那些可能为我安排旅行的中国朋友刚刚到达的时侯，俄国人把我当作“间谍”而逮捕了我，并把我驱逐出境，取道波兰。 3) He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds. 他欺骗了我，是我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。 4) As a demanding boss, he excepted total loyalty and dedication from his employees. 他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。 5) Those who do n