心理学毕业论文：面孔知觉的高水平适应现象.doc.docVIP

目录 摘要 3 前言 4 1 面孔知觉适应的研究 4 2 多因素在知觉适应中的交互作用 8 3 面孔知觉的影响因素 10 4 面孔适应的脑机制 12 5 小结 12 参考文献 13 致谢 15 面孔知觉的高水平适应现象 摘要 摘要：人们在较长时间的知觉加工面孔中的性别、表情、种族、年龄等信息时，会产生适应现象，即对这些信息的变化更加敏感，甚至因过度敏感而产生面孔知觉错觉。知觉是解释外界客体和事件的产生的感觉信息的加工过程，其中受到研究者较为关注的是视知觉的适应现象，通常会使得对随后呈现的视觉信息可能产生偏差，即通过视觉系统改变其操作特性，随后对环境的改变做出反应的过程，其结果称之为视觉后效(Clifford.et al.,2007)，比如，人在长时间观看瀑布之后，视线转移到周围的岩石时，会发现岩石向上运动，或者人在注视绿色正方形一分种,再转向注视白色的背景,就会看到红色的正方形，形状与绿色正方形相同。除了运动后效（瀑布错觉）、颜色后效（补色）等，还存在立体深度后效，光栅朝向后效，以上为视觉后效中的低水平后效（low-level aftereffects）。当一个人经常看到一个悲伤的面孔时，他再看到一个中性的面孔时，会觉得中性的面孔是快乐的。当一个人经常听到一个女性的声音，他再听到一个中性的声音，那么会觉得中性的声音偏向男性。这就是知觉的高水平适应现象。 关键词 面孔知觉 适应 情绪 性别 High level adaptation of face perception Abstract: people in a long time to perceptual processing of faces is a gender, expression, race, age and other information, adapt now like, being much more sensitive to changes in the information, even due to excessive sensitive and face perception illusion.Perception is a series of tissue and explain external objects and events of sensory information processing, which is to pay more attention to the visual perception of the adaptation phenomenon, usually makes the subsequent presentation of visual may produce biased, namely through the visual system change its operating characteristics, then change to the environment to respond, the results call for visual aftereffect (Clifford.et et al., 2007)，For example, in a long time to watch the waterfall, attention shifted to the surrounding rock, found rock upward movement, or people staring at Green Square for a minute, and then turned to watch the white background, you will see red square, the same shape and green square.In addition to the motion aftereffect (waterfall illusion), color aftereffects (complementary), there are three-dimensional depth aftereffect, grating viewpoint aftereffect, visual aftereffect of low level aftereffect (low-level aftereffects). Key words： face perception; adaptation; emotion; gende. r 前言 随着逐渐研究发现，除了简单刺激感知觉后效现象外，复杂的视觉刺激知觉也存在视觉后效现象。Webster和MacLin(1999)