4 掌握胃肠道激素的分泌及其调节.pptVIP

Gastrointestinal Physiology YU Yanqin, PhD Zhejiang University, School of Medicine Digestive system Digestion: Alimentary tract (消化道) Mechanical digestion Digestive gland (消化腺) Chemical digestion Absorption: Components of the digestive system Structure of the alimentary canal General properties of gastrointestinal smooth muscle Low excitability High distensibility （扩张性） Tonic contraction Autorhythmicity High sensitivity to temperature, stretch and chemical stimulation Electrophysiological properties of gastrointestinal smooth muscle Resting membrane potential -40~-80 mV Ionic basis Em (selective membrane permeability to K+, Na+, Cl- and Ca2+) Electrogenic Na+-K+ pump Slow wave (basic electrical rhythm，基本电节律) The spontaneous rhythmic, subthreshold depolarizations of the cell membrane (slow wave) of the gastrointestinal tract that characterizes the underlying electrical activity of the bowel （肠） Initiated in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) (pacemaker cell) Santiago Ramon Y Cajal He and Camillo Golgi received the Nobel Prize in 1906 for introduction of the silver-chromate （铬酸银） stain Slow wave (basic electrical rhythm,BER) Intensity: 10~15 mV Frequency: 3~12 cpm Ionic mechanism ? spontaneous rhythmic changes in Na+-K+ pump activity Normal BER frequencies in the gastrointestinal system Spike potential (Action potential) Duration: 10~20 ms Ionic mechanism: Depolarization: Ca2+ influx Repolarization: K+ efflux Neural control of gastrointestinal function Enteric nervous system (intrinsic) Autonomic nervous system (extrinsic) Enteric (Intrinsic) nervous system Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s plexus) Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s plexus) Neurotransmitters secreted by enteric neurons Ach, NE, ATP, serotonin, dopamine, cholecystokinin（胆囊收缩素）, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide（血管活性肠肽）, somatostatin（生长抑素）, etc. Roles of enteric nervous system Sympathetic nerve NE Inhibitory (-) Gastrointestinal reflexes Three types Reflexes that are integrated entire