Addition, subtraction and scalar multiplication of …加法、减法和标量乘法u2026.pdfVIP

Addition, subtraction and scalar multiplication of matrices sigma-matrices3-2009-1 This leaflet will look at the condition necessary to be able to add or subtract two matrices, and when this condition is satisfied, how to do this. It will also cover how to multiply a matrix by a number. Compatiblematrices Two matrices are said to be compatible when they have the same size, that is, the same number of rows and the same number of columns. When two matrices are compatible they can be added (or subtracted). Here are four matrices. 4 3  5 −2  3 0 −3  2 −2  A = B =  −1 3  C = D =  0 1  0 −1  1 0  0 2 1  4 −1  First consider the size of each of these matrices: A is a 2 × 2 matrix, B is 3 × 2, C is 2 × 3 and D is 3 × 2. From these four matrices only B and D are compatible. This means we can calculate B +D, B −D, D − B, but we cannot add or subtract any other pair of these matrices.  3 0    The matrix CT = 0 2 is a 3 × 2 matrix, so we could add or subtract CT to/from B and D.  −3 1  Addingandsubtractingmatrices When two matrices are compatible we add (or subtract) them by adding (or subtracting) the elements in corresponding positions. We have seen that B and D have the same size; they are both 3 × 2 matrices. This means we can add them by adding elements in the corresponding (that is, the same) positions:  5 −2   2 −2   5 + 2 −2 + (−2)   7 −4  B + D =  −1 3 +  0 1 =  −1 + 0 3 + 1 =  −1 4   1 0   4 −1 