An ecological perspective on health promotion programs：（生态的角度对健康促进计划）.pdfVIP

An Ecological Perspective on Health Promotion Programs Kenneth R. McLeroy, PhD Daniel Bibeau, PhD Allan Steckler, DrPH Karen Glanz, PhD, MPH During the past 20 years there has been a dramatic increase in societal interest in preventing disability and death in the United States by changing individual behaviors linked to the risk of contracting chronic diseases. This renewed interest in health pro- motion and disease prevention has not been without its critics. Some critics have accused proponents of life-style interventions of promoting a victim-blaming ideology by neglecting the importance of social influences on health and disease. This article proposes an ecological model for health promotion which focuses atten- tion on both individual and social environmental factors as for health targets promo- tion interventions. It addresses the importance of interventions directed at changing interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy, factors which support and maintain unhealthy behaviors. The model assumes that appropriate changes in the social environment will produce changes in individuals, and that the support of individ- uals in the population is essential for implementing environmental changes. INTRODUCTION the 20 there has been a dramatic increase in and During past years, public, private, professional interest in preventing disability and death in the United States through changes in individual behaviors, such as smoking cessation, weight reduction, increased exercise, dietary change, injury prevent