basic accounting principles（基本会计原则）.pdf

MODULE - 1 Basic Accounting Principles Business Environment 5 Notes BASIC ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 5.0 INTRODUCTION We have studied economic activities which have been converted into business activities. In business activity a lot of “give & take” exist which is known as transaction. Transaction involves transfer of money or money’s worth. Thus exchange of money, goods & services between the parties is known to have resulted in a transaction. It is necessary to record all these transactions very systematically & scientifically so that the financial relationship of a business with other persons may be properly understood, profit & loss and financial position of the business may be worked out at a particular date. The procedure to record all these transactions is known as “Book-keeping”. In other words the book keeping may be defined as an activity concerned with the recording of financial data relating to business operations in an orderly manner. Book keeping is the recording phase of accounting. Accounting is based on an efficient system of book keeping. Accounting is the analysis & interpretation of book keeping records. It includes not only the maintenance of accounting records but also the