中国铁路隧道技术发展（Development of railway tunnel technology in China）.docVIP

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中国铁路隧道技术发展（Development of railway tunnel technology in China）.doc

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中国铁路隧道技术发展（Development of railway tunnel technology in China）

中国铁路隧道技术发展（Development of railway tunnel technology in China） Development of railway tunnel technology in China China is vast, mountainous country, mountainous area accounts for more than 2/3, the plateau undulating mountains, high mountains and lofty hills, clouds, rivers, water development, geological complex. In order to develop railway construction, a large number of tunnels need to be built, and it is necessary to build many long tunnels and extra long tunnels. Therefore, the construction of railway tunnels is extremely arduous and complicated Tunnel construction technology is a comprehensive technology covering many specialties and crossing. For more than a century, the development of Chinas railway tunnel construction technology can be roughly divided into three periods: 1. before the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (1888-1949 years), it was basically a period of manual excavation, manual operation, simple machines and backward techniques. At that time, the railway tunnel construction had no fixed professional and technical team, nor had complete design and construction specifications. The equipment and equipment were few, the method was simple, the labor intensity of the workers was large and the efficiency was very low. Only 3 of the length of the tunnel have been built over 3km. 2. after the founding of the peoples Republic of China, the rapid development of the railway in the 50-70 years, the construction of the tunnel has mainly human power into the construction of small and medium-sized machinery, tunnel design and construction technology has been greatly developed period. From the beginning of 50s, the Ministry of Railways attaches great importance to the formation of the tunnel construction of the professional team, and gradually develop the railway tunnel survey design, construction specifications and tunnel construction clearance standards, made some tunnel construction design standards. The measurement design of plane control survey is pu