初二化学（Chemistry in junior middle school）.docVIP

初二化学（Chemistry in junior middle school） Unit first entering the world of Chemistry 1. Chemistry is the basic science of studying the composition, structure, nature and change law of matter. 2. The working people of our country made bronze ware in the Shang Dynasty. They made iron and steel during the spring and autumn period. 3. Green chemistry ---- environment friendly chemistry (chemical reaction conforms to green chemical reaction) Four characteristics P6 (raw materials, conditions, zero emissions, products) II: the core: the use of chemical principles to eliminate pollution from the source 4, candle burning test (description of the phenomenon can not appear product name) (1): the flame, flame flame (brightest), outer flame (maximum temperature) (2) compare the temperature of each flame layer: put a match flat into the flame. Phenomenon: the first two carbonization; conclusion: the maximum temperature test instruments (3) test product H2O: above the flame with dry beaker cover the beaker with water mist CO2: remove the beaker, pour in clear lime water, oscillate and become muddy (4): after the extinction of white smoke (Paraffin vapour), white smoke candle lit again. Paraffin steam combustion. 5. Comparison of inhaled air and exhaled air Conclusion: compared with inhaled air, the amount of O2 in exhaled air decreased, and the amount of CO2 and H2O increased (inhaled air and exhaled gases are the same) 6, an important way to learn chemistry -- scientific inquiry General steps: ask questions, conjecture and hypothesis, design experiment, experiment verification, record and conclusion, reflection and evaluation The characteristics of Chemistry Learning: pay attention to the nature, change, process and phenomena of matter; 7 、 chemistry experiment (chemistry is a science based on experiment) I. common instruments and methods of use (1) instruments used for heating - tubes, flasks, flasks, evaporating dishes, conical flasks The apparatus that can be heated directly is