二尖瓣狭窄的病理,诊断,治疗原则,及预防（The pathology, diagnosis, treatment principle and prevention of mitral stenosis）.docVIP

二尖瓣狭窄的病理,诊断,治疗原则,及预防（The pathology, diagnosis, treatment principle and prevention of mitral stenosis） Mitral stenosis is due to various reasons caused by the change of mitral valve structure, resulting in decreased mitral valve opening, opening restricted or obstruction caused by left atrial blood flow is blocked, the left ventricular blood volume reduction, left atrial pressure increased abnormal change of a series of heart structure and function change. The most common cause of rheumatism is rheumatism, which is more common in the north of China, mostly in 20-40 years, and more in women than in men. Most of the clinical manifestations are chronic. Other causes include mitral or annular calcification and congenital malformations in the elderly. Prognosis mainly depends on the degree of valvular stenosis, atrial and ventricular enlargement, cardiac function, basic etiology, recurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, and complications. Early diagnosis and early treatment are the key. The disease has no specific curative effect at present. Cardiac interventional therapy and surgical treatment can cure [1]. Pathogeny Clinically, most diseases are rheumatic, which is the sequela of rheumatic fever, but only 60% of the patients with rheumatic fever have been diagnosed. The stenosis of the mitral valve and the time of pathological changes are more than 2 years after the onset of rheumatic fever. About 25% of patients with rheumatic heart disease are simple mitral stenosis, and 40% are mitral stenosis and mitral insufficiency. About 2/3 of the patients were female. Among other rare causes, mitral annular or annular calcification is common in the elderly. A rare cause of congenital malformations (congenital solitary mitral stenosis, the children rarely live more than 2 years old), malignant carcinoid, connective tissue diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus), intestinal lipid metabolism disorder, multiple myeloma. Lutembacher syndrome is a mitral stenosis with atrial septa