化学反应速率、化学平衡（Chemical reaction rate and chemical equilibrium）.docVIP

化学反应速率、化学平衡（Chemical reaction rate and chemical equilibrium） 1., the rate of chemical reaction is used to measure the speed of a chemical reaction. It is usually expressed as a decrease in the concentration of reactants or an increase in the concentration of an agent in a unit time. Unit: mol/ (L. Min) or mol/ (L. S) v=, delta C, delta T 2. the values of the rate of reaction indicated by different substances in the same reaction may be different, but these values represent the same rate of reaction. The rate ratio of different substances is equal to the ratio of stoichiometry in their chemical equation. Such as reaction mA+nB=pC+qD of V (A): V (B): V (C): V (D) =m = n: = P: Q 3. factors affecting the rate of reaction Determinants: the nature of the substance involved in the reaction; factors affecting it: Concentration: when other conditions are constant, the concentration of reactant increases, the number of molecules in unit volume increases, and the reaction rate increases. Pressure: for gas to participate in the reaction, when other conditions remain unchanged, increase the pressure, gas volume reduced, the depth increases, the reaction rate increases. Temperature: when the temperature is increased, the rate of molecular motion is accelerated, the number of effective collisions increases, and the reaction rate increases. In general, the reaction rate increases to 2~4 times each time the temperature increases by 10 degrees centigrade. Catalyst: it can increase the positive and negative reaction rate to the same extent. Other factors: increase the surface area of solid (crushing), light can also increase the rate of certain reactions; in addition, ultrasound, electromagnetic waves, solvents also have an impact on the rate of reaction. [note] when changing the external conditions, if the positive reaction rate increases, the inverse reaction rate will increase, but the increase times may be different, but it is impossible to increase the positive reaction rate and