协同学理论（Synergetics theory）.doc

协同学理论（Synergetics theory） Synergetics theory Basic evolution equation of stochastic differential equations P75 Its general form is: (X, t) = N (Q (X, t), at X, t, alpha, F) (3-1) Obviously, this is a kinetic equation or system of equations with respect to Q and its derivatives of different order, that is, differential equations. This model has the following characteristics: 1. state changes, the number of Q is large. The Q in model (3.1) represents the state variable of the system, which is the function of the spatial coordinates X= (x, y, z) and time t, that is, the: Q=q (X, t) (3-2) For different systems, Q stands for different parameters. Q may be microscopic quantities, such as particle coordinates, velocities, or macroscopic quantities, such as the productivity of an economic system. Since Synergetics studies a large number of systems, a large number of state variables are required to describe the behavior of the system. Make Q remember state variables, which are functions of X and t: (i=1,2,..., n) (3-3) For easy to remember, state variables are often used to represent them: (3-4) 2. nonlinear characteristics. The derivatives of the state variables are related to the state variables themselves, and reflect the interaction of different factors within the system. Because the research is self-organizing system. The linear system can not be self-organized, so the basic evolution equation is nonlinear. The 3. depends on the external control parameter alpha, beta. The synergetics, open, and most of them are far from equilibrium. They have the exchange of material and energy with the environment, and the evolutionary behavior is influenced or dominated by external conditions. When the external function of the system remains constant for a certain period, the external function will appear in the evolution equation in the form of constant alpha and beta, which is called the control parameter or the external parameter. Such as the growth rate of investment in the econom