口腔 药理学0202（Oral pharmacology 0202）.docVIP

口腔 药理学0202（Oral pharmacology 0202） Second M cholinergic receptor blocking drugs Whats the exam? Pharmacological effects, clinical applications, adverse reactions and contraindications of atropine. Whats the point? Pharmacological effects of atropine and its clinical application. Whats the most difficult part? Atropines eye effect. First, the pharmacological action of atropine M receptor blocker, but low selectivity for M receptor subtype. Large doses also blocked the N receptor in ganglia. 1., inhibition of gland secretion, sweat glands and salivary glands secretion of strong inhibitory effect on the respiratory glands stronger, larger doses can reduce gastric secretion, but little impact on gastric acid secretion. 2. the effect of eye contact (1) dilated pupil Atropine relaxes the sphincter of the pupil, thus allowing the noradrenergic innervation of the dilated pupillary muscle to predominate and dilate the pupil. (2) elevated intraocular pressure As the pupil dilated, the iris retreated to the peripheral edge, narrowing the anterior chamber space, hindering the inflow of aqueous humor into the scleral venous sinus, resulting in an increase in intraocular pressure. (3) regulating paralysis - leading to hyperopia Atropine can make the ciliary muscle relaxation and back to the outer edge of the suspensory ligament tension, the lens is flat, the fold luminosity decreased, only to see distant objects, but not nearly were clearly imaged on the retina, resulting in near vision blurred, this is the regulation of paralysis. 3. relaxation of visceral smooth muscle It has a relaxing effect on many visceral smooth muscles, especially when it is in spasticity. The smooth muscle of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, obvious relaxation of bladder detrusor, and weak effect on bile duct and uterine smooth muscle spasm. 4. excitement of the heart (1) speed up the heart rate, the vagus nerve inhibition of the heart, and speed up heart rate. (2) to accelerate the atrioventricular condu