a measurement study of（测量研究）.pdfVIP

1672 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 9, NO. 8, DECEMBER 2007 A Measurement Study of a Large-Scale P2P IPTV System Xiaojun Hei, Student Member, IEEE, Chao Liang, Student Member, IEEE, Jian Liang, Yong Liu, Member, IEEE, and Keith W. Ross, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—An emerging Internet application, IPTV, has the There are several classes of delivery architectures for IPTV, potential to flood Internet access and backbone ISPs with massive including native IP multicast [2], application-level infrastruc- amounts of new traffic. Although many architectures are possible ture overlays such as those provided by CDN companies [3], for IPTV video distribution, several mesh-pull P2P architectures have been successfully deployed on the Internet. In order to gain peer-to-peer multicast trees such as in end-system multicast [4], insights into mesh-pull P2P IPTV systems and the traffic loads and mesh-pull P2P streaming such as CoolStreaming [5] and they place on ISPs, we have undertaken an in-depth measurement PPLive [6]. Each of these architecture classes imposes different study of one of the most popular IPTV systems, namely, PPLive. traffic patterns and design challenges on Internet backbone and We have developed a dedicated PPLive crawler, which enables access networks. Requiring minimal infrastructure, P2P archi- us to study the global characteristics of the mesh-pull PPLive system. We have also collected extensive packet traces for various tectures offer the possibility of rapid deployment at low cost. different measurement scenarios, including both campus access An imp