2011文献Joint TDOA and FDOA Estimation--A Conditional Bound and Its Use for Optimally Weighted Localization.pdfVIP

1612 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 59, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 Joint TDOA and FDOA Estimation: A Conditional Bound and Its Use for Optimally Weighted Localization Arie Yeredor, Senior Member, IEEE, and Eyal Angel Abstract—Modern passive emitter-location systems are often usually cannot be phase-locked to each other, and since the based on joint estimation of the time-difference of arrival (TDOA) medium might be wideband-dispersive (causing deviation of and frequency-difference of arrival (FDOA) of an unknown signal the carrier’s phase-difference from the anticipated product of at two (or more) sensors. Classical derivation of the associated the TDOA with the carrier-frequency), the resulting phase-dif- Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) relies on a stochastic, stationary ference between the received carriers at the different sensors Gaussian signal-model, leading to a diagonal Fisher information matrix with respect to the TDOA and FDOA. This diagonality im- cannot be directly associated with the TDOA and FDOA, plies that (under asymptotic conditions) the respective estimation and therefore has to be considered as an additional unknown errors are uncorrelated. However, for some specific (nonstationary, parameter. non-Gaussian) signals, especially chirp-like signals, these errors Therefore, after downconversion to baseband, the contin- can be strongly correlated. In this work we derive a “conditional”