某储油罐区泄露风险评价.DOCVIP

浮顶储罐火灾泄漏事故数值模拟计算 李文秀1 苟俊杰2 汪保华3 孙智成3 余文萍3 1.辽河石油勘探局石油化工总厂 2.青海油田格尔木炼油厂 3.青海油田采油二厂 摘要：储油罐泄漏失效形式主要由罐体焊缝开裂、管线应力集中处断裂、法兰、阀门泄漏、泄压阀失效及罐体腐蚀等五种导致。借助计算机编程语言Matlab软件，通过定性与定量风险评估相结合的方式对辽河油田某小型化工厂储油罐区油品泄漏环节进行数值模拟计算，依据泄漏定量计算绘出火灾后应从范围示意图，并提出了储油罐泄漏事故的预防措施。通过分析计算得出以下结论：原油泄漏引发火灾及爆炸事故是油库的主要危险；泄漏孔径越大，泄漏流速越大，孔径的大小在泄漏事故中影响巨大，储油罐泄漏总量与孔径大小无关，储油罐一旦泄漏后会造成大范围的火灾影响，需立即采取强有力的防范措施。 关键词：泄漏；风险评价；预防措施；失效；火灾 A leaking oil tank area of risk assessment and prevention Li Wenxiu1 Gou Junjie2 Wang Baohua 3 Sun Zhicheng3 Yu Wenping 3 1.Petroleum Chemical General Factory of Liaohe Petroleum Exploration Bureau 2.Golmud oil refining factory of Qinghai oil field 3.Qinghai oil field production two factory Abstract: The oil tank leak failure mode from the main tank weld cracking, stress concentration at the fracture line, flanges, valves leak, pressure relief valves and tank corrosion failure in five different result. With computer programming language Matlab software, qualitative and quantitative risk assessment on a combination of a small chemical plant Liaohe Oilfield Oil Tank Spills link numerical simulation, schematic drawn fire should be calculated based on the range after disclosure of quantitative and preventive measures were proposed storage tank spill. Analysis calculated by the following conclusions: oil leak caused a fire and explosion is a major risk depot; the greater the leakage aperture, the greater the leak flow rate, size of the aperture in the spill enormous impact, and total pore size storage tanks leaked nothing to do, it will cause a fire after the impact of large-scale storage tanks leaked once, we need to take strong preventive measures immediately. Keywords: leakage; risk assessment; preventive measures; failure; fire 前言 由于油品容易挥发流失，易导致火灾和爆炸事故，一旦油罐发生火灾，不仅会燃烧掉大量油品，造成严重的经济损失，甚至可能带来扑救人员的伤亡，后果非常严重[1]。此外，油罐火灾还有可能造成油品的泄漏，污染海洋，后续的清理工作也要耗费巨大的人力和物力。至今，世界其他国家对单个大型油库的火灾事件研究较为成熟[2-3]，而对较大油区多个油罐火灾研究甚少，且与一些发达国家相比，我国对防火间距