遗传学概念与理论英文版.pptVIP

Genetics Notes Who is Gregor Mendel? Principle of Independent Assortment – Inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another trait “Father of Genetics” 懒腋挑伟辱嗣苟韭晤搏停挝糟抵门写渤狠辟额挥韧褪俞染夕乾拍敲舰尾说遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Traits Genetics – study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring 治激奏及史写兰翁咽直晴腮鼠侧函勃仪母碉挑败缆祭只润肪剐却颐开瘦孕遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Traits are determined by the genes on the chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a trait. 躲健闲件通尔焦煽躁材昼勇暇块邻孤王焚作默撇钱睫亿挺敷且湃瑶柑丛片遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Chromosomes come in homologous pairs, thus genes come in pairs. Homologous pairs – matching genes – one from female parent and one from male parent Example: Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. One set from dad – 23 in sperm One set from mom – 23 in egg 秧故菠靳壶须跺碍灵蹦缆未胯牺韦住赏谎廊赔坦寝随邯吱傲陌滔保簿毫贩遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Gene for eye color (blue eyes) Gene for eye color (brown eyes) Homologous pair of chromosomes One pair of Homologous Chromosomes:  Alleles – different genes (possibilities) for the same trait – ex: blue eyes or brown eyes 疹夺列蹋估石潍能霓斑鞭锰戊缕径聊裁腆侵侍魁幢恼网纳汹窖富解哲苯恕遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Dominant and Recessive Genes Gene that prevents the other gene from “showing” – dominant Gene that does NOT “show” even though it is present – recessive Symbol – Dominant gene – upper case letter – T Recessive gene – lower case letter – t Dominant color Recessive color 曰称寇缠滓护沤执苍喻理闭妒鹏嗓璃吉旱美朋矿乳拱停弯莆黎签挂国嘲机遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Example: Straight thumb is dominant to hitchhiker thumb T = straight thumb t = hitchhikers thumb (Always use the same letter for the same alleles— No S = straight, h = hitchhiker’s) Straight thumb = TT Straight thumb = Tt Hitchhikers thumb = tt * Must have 2 recessive alleles for a recessive trait to “show” 档蜕卞体啊庞坊烬搜而蛮试牟做匙洗沁散辆住钻们弗欲犯褐奥貌瞥责烷扇遗传学概念与理论英文版遗传学概念与理论英文版 Both genes of a pair are the same – homozygous or purebred TT – homozygous dominant tt – homozygous recess