第五章 呼吸（The fifth chapter breathes）.docVIP

第五章 呼吸（The fifth chapter breathes） The fifth chapter breathes Respiration is the process of gas exchange between the organism and the external environment. Its main meaning is to discharge excessive CO 2 produced during cell metabolism and to supplement O 2. The whole process of breathing gas exchange with the outside world including lung (lung), and alveolar gas exchange between blood (pulmonary ventilation), blood gas in the transportation and exchange between blood and tissue cells (tissue ventilation) and tissue respiration and other several links. Tissue respiration mainly refers to the nutrients carried by cells, the use of oxygen in biological oxidation, and the formation of carbon dioxide, also known as internal respiration. Pulmonary ventilation and pulmonary ventilation are referred to as external respiration. Section 1 pulmonary ventilation The process of passing through the respiratory tract through the lungs is called pulmonary ventilation. I. the functional structure of pulmonary ventilation The realization of pulmonary ventilation depends on the normal function of the respiratory tract, lung, thorax, respiratory muscle and pleural cavity. The respiratory tract is the passage of gas into and out of the lung. The rhythmic movement of the respiratory muscle caused by the relaxation of the thorax is the motive force of the pulmonary ventilation, and the closed pleural cavity couples the two elastic structures of the lungs and the thorax. (1) the respiratory tract and lungs; The respiratory tract includes the nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and branches at all levels, until the terminal bronchioles. Clinically, the nose, pharynx and larynx are called the upper respiratory tract, and the trachea to the end of the bronchioles is the lower respiratory tract. At the end of the thin branch pipe can be divided into progressive respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sac. The alveolar sac consists of multiple alveoli. The trachea branches into