dow考试用（Dow examination with）.docVIP

dow考试用（Dow examination with） The first chapter... 1. Definition of internal environment and steady-state: the internal environment is the fluid environment in which the cells of the extracellular fluid form Homeostasis is a state of relative stability in the body The third chapter... The concept and mechanism of resting potential and action potential? Resting potential: there is a constant potential difference between the cell membrane and the cell membrane Resting potential generation mechanism: the side of the membrane [K +] concentration difference is prompting K + diffusion of power, but with the spreading of K +, rising film two test potential job K + continues to diffusion resistance, power and resistance when reach a dynamic balance, and K + net diffusion flux is zero balance on either side of the membrane potential Action potential: the excited cells are stimulated, and the cell membrane is briefly, reversible and can be changed to the point of the surrounding expansion. Action potential generation mechanism: in the resting state, outside the cell membrane sodium ion concentration is greater than the membrane, the sodium ion has a tendency to spread within the membrane, and resting membrane inside there is quite a numerical negative potential, the electric field force also attract mobile inside sodium ions to the membrane; However, due to the closed state of sodium ion channels in the membrane, the membrane is relatively inpermeable to the sodium ions, so sodium ions cannot flow in large quantities. When there is a threshold stimulation of cell (or threshold stimulus), voltage-gated sodium channels open, membrane permeability to sodium ions in sudden increase, and more than the membrane permeability of potassium ion, sodium ion quickly a large number of internal flow, so that the membrane in negative potential due to the increase of the positive charge is rapidly disappearing; As a result of the high outside the membrane formed by sodium ion concentration po