初中文化（Junior high school culture）.doc

初中文化（Junior high school culture） The seventh grade biology book review outline The nutrition of human body 1. Nutrients in food 1) protein: the basic substances that make up human cells provide energy for physiological activities of the human body; Sugar: the bodys most important energy supply is also the constituent of cells. Fat: energy supply material, unit mass release energy maximum; But in general, fat is stored in the body as an alternate source of energy; Vitamins: not participating in the formation of human cells, nor providing energy or content, regulating human life activities. Vitamin A: promote normal development of human body, enhance resistance and maintain normal vision. Lack of time, rough skin, night blindness Vitamin B1: maintain normal metabolism and normal physiological function of nervous system. Lack of time, neuritis, beriberi Vitamin C: maintain normal metabolism, maintain the normal physiology of bone, muscle and blood vessel, strengthen resistance. Lack of time, scurvy disease, resistance to decline Vitamin D: promote calcium, phosphorus absorption and bone development. Lack of time, rickets (such as chicken breast, X or O leg, etc.), osteoporosis Water: about 60% ~ 70% of the weight, the main components of the cell, the human bodys various physiological activities are inseparable from water. Inorganic salt: important materials that constitute human tissues such as: Calcium: lack of children leads to rickets, chicken breasts, O legs, and old people with osteoporosis, Phosphorus: deficiency leads to anorexia Iron: it makes up hemoglobin, and deficiency leads to anemia Iodine deficiency: thyroid enlargement or childrens mental retardation 2. Digestion and absorption 1) composition of the digestive system Digestive tract: oral cavity of the esophagus and intestines of the gastrointestinal tract The digestive system digests food and absorbs nutrients Digestive glands: salivary glands, gastric glands, liver, pancreas, intestines Secreting diges