初二生物复习资料（First two biological review materials）.docVIP

初二生物复习资料（First two biological review materials） The eighth grade biology review outline Animals in all kinds of environments Classification of animals: vertebrates according to the presence of the vertebrates The first animals to live in water Fish invertebrates Body shape: spindle Table: scales; Secretes mucus Body color: belly white back (protection) Body distribution: head, trunk, tail Sensory organs: lateral lines (sensory flow, determination of direction) Exercise organs: fin: tail (control and keeping the direction) chest (balance) The tail and torso (the power to move forward) play a coordinating role Breath: gills, gills (covered with capillaries, for gas exchange) and gill cover alternately Adapt to the characteristics of life in water: Fish can live in the water, and two characteristics are crucial: one is to get food and protect against the enemy by swimming on the fins, and the other is to breathe in the water with the gills. Fish cant live without water: Its respiratory organs are gills, and there are a lot of gills in the gills that can unfold when theyre in the water, and when they leave the water, they cant expand, and they dont get enough oxygen to die. Fish: grass carp, herring, silver carp, bighead fish With simulation experiment: in the process of scientific research, it is directly with the object of study, doing experiments can be made of imitation experiment an object model, with a model to do experiment, or mimic certain conditions for experiments, the experiment is called simulation experiment. Section 2 animals living on land The morphological characteristics of land animals adapted to land environment: (1) the land climate is relatively dry; Adapted to this, land life animals generally have the structure to prevent moisture loss. Reptiles, for example, have horny scales or armor, and insects have exoskeletons. [scales, nails, exoskeletons (to prevent moisture loss)] (2) land animals are not affected by the buoyancy of water and generally h