病理 第九章（Pathology chapter 9）.docVIP

病理 第九章（Pathology chapter 9） Chapter 8 diseases of the digestive system Section 1 chronic gastritis 1. Chronic superficial gastritis: Lesion: mucosal hyperemia, edema, deep red, with grayish white or yellowish discharge, with punctate hemorrhage or erosion; Under the mirror: the inflammatory lesions are located in the superficial mucosa, where the main is the lymphocytes and the plasma cells infiltrates, the mucosa superficial edema, dot hemorrhage and epithelial necrosis fall off. 2. Chronic atrophic gastritis: (I) etiology and classification: 1. Type A: the pathogenesis is closely related to the immune factor, and the lesion is in the gastric body. Type B: the disease is unrelated to autoimmunity and may be related to smoking, alcohol abuse, or the abuse of salicylic acid, such as APC. The lesion is in the sinus department. (ii) pathological changes: 1. Naked eye: the gastric mucosa is thin and smooth, the folds are shallow, and some almost disappear. The mucosal surface is fine grained. 2. Gastroscopy: (1) the orange color of normal gastric mucosa disappeared and replaced by gray; (2) the atrophic gastric mucosa was significantly thinner, and the boundary of normal gastric mucosa was obvious. (3) the submucosal submucosa of the submucosa is clearly visible. 3. Under the mirror: (1) atrophy of the gland epithelium, small glands and cystic dilatation, often appearing in metaplasia (pseudopyloric gland metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia). (2) there are different degrees of lymphocytes and plasma cell infiltration in the mucosa. 3. Hypertrophic gastritis: the lesion is characterized by thick mucous mucosa and a widening of the folds of the fold. In the mirror, glandular hyperplasia and elongation of adenocarcinoma. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was not significant. 4. Verrucous gastritis: the mucosa of the lesion of the lesion occurred in the mucosa of a certain size, and the surrounding mucosa was uplifted, thus forming the lesion of the central depression