性格心理学之21Personality Theories-pp.121-146-Horney_Fromm.docVIP

Personality Theories-8th Edition Chapter 5-Psychoanalytic Social Psychology -many theorists who followed Freud reacted against his emphasis on instincts and the importance of sexuality in personality formation -the intrapsychic to interpsychic shift continues with Horney and Fromm -they emphasize forces in society that influence personality -Horney stressed social forces within the family -Fromm pointed beyond family toward social factors within society at large -they showed how Freud’s concepts were a product of his social and cultural milieu -remained in the psychoanalytic framework KAREN HORNEY (1885-1952): -born 1885 near Hamburg, Germany into an upper-middle-class family that was economically and socially secure -father Norwegian, mother Dutch -Father was a sea captain, so Horney spent most time with mother-a dynamic, freethinking woman -experience with a kind doctor at 12 made her want to become a physician -she was independent, original and challenged Freud’s ideas about women also had problems of depression, insecurity and desperate need for attention and love from men -her parent’s eventually separated and mother moved to Freiburg where Horney was pursuing her studies at university -later, she emphasized the role that a stressful environment plays in nurturing basic anxiety -lack of love and encouragement, quarrelsome parents and other stressful factors lead to feelings of rejection, depression, worthlessness and hostility-she knew these in herself and tried to overcome them -degree in medicine from University of Berlin -later associated with the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute -analyzed by Karl Abraham and Hans Sachs- loyal Freudians -1909-married Oscar Horney (Berlin lawyer) and had three daughters -because of their different interests and increased involvement with the psychoanalytic movement they divorced 1937 -One of the first theorists to oppose Freud and speak directly to the issue of feminine psychology -moved to NYC, opened a private practice and t