汉学和汉学研究-1.pptVIP

Sinology Sinology Studying;教学注意事项：;课程要求：;课程最终成绩计算方法;课程教学计划;主要参考文献;进一步阅读书目;第一专题 汉学的起源与发展（学科发展史）;1、汉学的三重含义： A、相对于“蕃学”，明清以前中国少数民族群体对中原地区或汉族地区文化、学术和思想的统称。 B、中国儒家思想史上相对于“宋学”而言，反对空谈性命义理，讲究以汉儒之学说经治书的“汉学”。这是中国思想史上的本意。 C、近代以前一切以英文、法文或其他文字研究中国的学问，Sinology Sinologie 的译名，又主要指欧洲社会对中国的研究。;The Dictionary of the History of Ideas思想史辞典PP354; The Europeans of the seventeenth century were told by the Jesuits that China had a rational society of great antiquity and continuous development that would have to be incorporated, by one means or another, into their Christian, monogenetic view of the world. Both the Jesuits and the philosophers of the Enlightenment saw China as a model of Enlightened Despotism. ; Artists and connoisseurs of the eighteenth century were intrigued with China as the source of exotic objects dart and as the home of an imaginary, happy people who came to life in the paintings on porcelain. The reaction against China as a rational model and as a source of exotic delight came in the nineteenth century. While Sinologists sought to understand the China of historical reality, other Europeans esteemed Chinese poetry and culture as being aesthetically superior, and worthy of study and imitation. ;There were Westerners who also derided China as a stagnant, inferior society that had nothing to offer the West but problems. The modernizing, nationalizing, and communizing of China produced the contemporary fear of China as a nemesis of Western culture.…………; The industrial development of Europe and its expansion overseas in the mid-nineteenth century had the general result of forcing an end to the seclusion of both China and Japan. China was opened to Western penetration by the wars of 1839-42 and 1856-60, and by the treaties which followed. Japan was opened by the “black ships” of the Americans in 1853-54 and thereafter by a series of treaties with the Western powers. ;It was this train of events, observed and commented upon by Marx and Engels, which tran