《天体物理前沿系列讲座》讲座3.pptVIP

The first image of an exoplanet The planet is approximately five times the size of Jupiter, and orbits its brown dwarf star at about the distance that Neptune travels around the Sun. The planet is near the southern constellation of Hydra and approximately 200 light years from Earth. 2004+2005 2005 其他方法 direct imaging timing 已知行星系统的统计性质 RV:358 transit: 103 microlensing: 10 imaging :13 timing: 8 total: 492 Multiple planet systems:56 很多巨行星形成于非常靠近 恒星处，在0.03AU处有另一个峰 已知行星系统的偏心率分布范围很广， 巨行星偏心率明显高于太阳系 以前观测到行星的恒星倾向于高金属丰度 恒星， 但样本是偏的。 对类太阳恒星的无偏的样本观测， 表明巨行星发生概率与金属丰度有关 大多已知行星的直接测量直接测量很需要0.”01角秒的空间 分辨率： 但该样本是偏向于离恒星近的行星， 多数是通过视向速度测量得到 R-M效应(Rossiter-McLaughlin effect)和轨道倾斜角 hide approaching side → appear to be receding hide receding side → appear to be approaching planet planet star When a transiting planet hides stellar rotation, radial velocity of the host star would have an apparent anomaly during transit. What can we learn from RM effect? Gaudi Winn (2007) The shape of RM effect depends on the trajectory of the transiting planet. well aligned misaligned Observable parameter λ： sky-projected angle between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbital axis (e.g., Ohta et al. 2005, Gimentz 2006, Gaudi Winn 2007) HD209458 Queloz et al. 2000, Winn et al. 2005 HD189733 Winn et al. 2006 TrES-1 Narita et al. 2007 HAT-P-2 Winn et al. 2007, Loeillet et al. 2008 HD149026 Wolf et al. 2007 HD17156 Narita+ 2008, Cochran+ 2008, Barbieri+ 2009 TrES-2 Winn et al. 2008 CoRoT-Exo-2 Bouchy et al. 2008 XO-3 Hebrard et al. 2008, Winn et al. 2009 HAT-P-1 Johnson et al. 2008 WASP-14 Joshi et al. 2008 (TrES-3, 4, WASP-1, 2, HAT-P-7, XO-2 Narita+. in prep) Previous studies Spin-orbit misaligned exoplanet Winn et al. (2009) (λ= 37.3 ± 3.7 degrees) The RM effect of XO-3b Observed l have a fairly large range from -140 (Wasp-17, Anderson et al. 2010) to180 (HAT-P-7, Winn et al. 2009) a